How First Vitaphone Film Was Photographed

Don Juan (1926)
Don Juan (1926)

A. S. C. Member Has Soundproof Booth Built to Prevent Recording Studio Noises.

Du Par adapts Camera for Vocal Reproduction Work; Storage Batteries Used for Lights.

An interesting insight into the cinematographic difficulties which had to be conquered before the new celebrated Vitaphone process, used by Warner Bros, in conjunction with Don Juan, was reduced to the plane of commercial acceptability is shown in an account of the invention by E. B. Du Par. the A. S. C. member who surmounted its photographic barriers and thus made possible the actual application of the device.

Noise Cut Out

“First of all,” Du Par reports, “the noise incident to the taking of a motion picture made it necessary to shut the camera in a special soundproof booth. With the camera, I was locked in the booth. I shot through a small aperture, and looked out through a small peek hole. However, the construction of the booth does not permit of the booth’s occupant to hear anything from without. It is necessary to depend entirely on light signals for starts and fades.

Synchronized

“The camera is run by a motor which is synchronized with the recording machine motor. Instead of running at the regular speed of 16 pictures per second, we exposed at the rate of 24 per second! The recording machine is so located that it is in another part of the building, far enough away so that no sound can get to the actual place of photographing. The apparatus in the recording room is in charge of a recording expert. Another expert is stationed at the ‘mixing panel,’ as we call it, his duties being to listen to what is being recorded and also to watch a very sensitive dial that indicates every little variation of sound. When the dial starts to jump up to a certain mark, he has to vary the amplification on the microphone so as not to cut over certain high notes; high frequencies are apt to make the cutting point on the recorder break through the delicate walls of wax and spoil the record.

Far Removed

“The master recorder,” Du Par continues, “was stationed on the sixth floor above us. He is surrounded by dials whereby he can tell just what the vocal actions of the artists are. He is also attended by a large horn, about five feet square, in which he listens for any foreign noises. The microphones are so sensitive that he can detect if anybody on the set makes the least noise, such as walking, whispering or even the flickering of a light. If such are recorded, then the record is ruined. A flicker of a light sounds out like a pistol shot. This makes for a severe test on the lights. A number runs about ten minutes, or between 900 and 1000 feet. On some sets I have to use big storage batteries, weighing about 400 pounds each; seven of them are required to run a G. E. light of 150 amps. I use batteries to avoid generator noise. On the same lights, we had the gears changed from metal to fiber in order to eliminate gear noise on the automatic feed light.

Adapted Camera

“Since ! beginning this work,” Du Par states, “I have almost remodelled my camera. I use 1000-foot magazines, high-speed shutter, leather belt, special clutches on the take-up spool, and a light signal built right in the camera.

“There is somewhat of a difference in photographing motion picture and then grand opera stars. In the past several weeks I have filmed Mischa Elman, violinist; Efrem Zimbalist, violinist; Harold Bauer, pianist; Giovanni Martinelli, tenor; Marion Talley, and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra of 100 pieces.

“A strange incident occurred when we were taking ‘Swaunee River.’ Everything was still, and I had just received the signal to start; I flashed back the signal that I was fading in and everything was going nicely when I noticed frantic signals to stop. Looking out the peek-hole, I saw that every one was exceedingly excited. The cause, I learned, had been the screams of a colored janitress who claimed that she had seen the late Oscar Hammerstein walking across the balcony. It was eleven
o’clock in the morning, and it is said that it was his old custom to walk across the balcony at that time in the old Manhattan Opera House which we were using to work in. This was the third time that the janitor’s force had claimed seeing Mr. Hammerstein, and of course the commotion ruined that shot.”

(American Cinematographer, September 1926)

du_par_camera_vitaphone_1926

Films of the Future

Thomas H. Ince
Thomas H. Ince

“ The immediate need of motion pictures,” said Thomas H. Ince, the well-known producer, in a recent interview, “ is of production—the story, actors, settings. Advancement along technically artistic lines has been so great, it is hard to conceive of much improvement. I see no reason why,” he went on, warming to his subject, “ a single motion picture production shouldn’t have as long a run as a popular play on the legitimate stage. And it’s simply a matter of a short time until that will be the case. Griffith did it with his ‘Birth of a Nation’—”

“ And what about your own ‘Civilisation’ ?” he was asked.

“ Yes,” he admitted, “ but that was largely spectacular in its appeal. I’m trying, now, to make the same sort of success with human interest pictures. And when the amusement seeking public awakens to that fact—that the producer is striving to give it the same satisfaction on the screen—then will a several months‘ run for a single picture be quite the usual thing. Picture making calls for an enormous expenditure of money. The exhibitor’s profits, as you know, are immense. The public must be made to realize that not until a goodly share of the gain returns to the producer, can the ultimate perfection of the picture be reached. After all it’s simply a matter of the education of the individual. The old idea that a moving picture is a fairy tale, springing out of the vague nothingness, must be replaced by the knowledge that the industry is a vital one, sponsored by business men—men who are expending their best efforts for the advancement of the art.”

(Picture Show, London, April 10, 1920)

Lou Tellegen hate the word actor

Lou Tellegen in "Phèdre"
Lou Tellegen in “Phèdre”

New York, 1913. Bernhardt’s recent engagement in New York at the Palace Theatre was doubly interesting in serving to reintroduce to the American public a young Greek actor of unusual appeal and commanding presence.

Lou Tellegen is twenty-eight and be has already for two years been the leading man of the world’s greatest actress. He is, therefore, a somewhat extraordinary young man indeed, the youngest leading man she has ever had. Despite bis youth his work has a dignity, authority and repose that is impressive. In watching these artistes together there appears no great disparity in age or experience, but then, has there yet been discovered a spirit that is more youthful than that of Sarah Bernhardt ?

Tellegen’s father was a Greek general and his mother a Danish dancer. He was born in Athens and reared in Holland. He has been associated with the theatre nearly all his life, rather against his father’s wishes. He has travelled almost all over the world and has acted in Holland, France, England and America. He is, in fact, a man of the world by education and experience. At fourteen he ran away from home and for three years lived a nomadic life. He knew what it was —to be desolate to be without decent clothes — to be disagree ably hungry.

One dramatic moment in his youthful experience impresses one as graphic and significant. He was sixteen barefoot; he had no money, no place to go no shelter and it began to rain. The quick, sudden realization of all this was too overwhelming so he began to cry. He saw a house, but pride forbade from telling his plight. Seeing a tree he laid down under it and slept with the abandon of perfect youth. When he woke he walked to the next town, got work and in four hours was eating a meal that he had earned by the sweat of his brow. At that moment he says: “I realized what it was to be a man.”

Tellegen is a universal man; as one talks with him you realize that his biggest lessons he has learned from the stars and living out in the open. He loves life and speaks of his love for it with the naiveté of a child. Bernhardt be reveres. He speaks of her with an affectionate, admiring respect that is refreshing. He says: “My mother brought me into the world, but Madame Sarah is my real mother. She has given me my chance and has taught me everything. We really play together: it is not work to us and there is no audience ever. It is those moments that we are on the stage that we live and have our real being. I hate the word actor —I never want to act I want only to be !”

To see Tellegen on the stage is to be convinced that this is not a mere pose. Each of the characters he portrays is a creation and is etched individually with cameo-like clarity. Best of all he brings fresh thought to a character and often entirely disregards tradition. Oddly enough, his best work on the American stage has been the two extremes of classical and modern drama. Armand in Camille and Hyppolitus in Phèdre. In this latter rôle he is given, too, the opportunity to visualize a glorious picture of physical beauty.

His most radical departure from tradition is revealed in his portraiture of Scarpia in Tosca. Scarpia is usually presented as a burly brute, sensual, pugnacious, rather blatant and a little middle class. As a matter of fact, Scarpia was a patrician and Tellegen makes him so, and from this major note he works out his plan. He smiles a great deal and his smile is terrible. It is the smile of utter cruelty. There is no sun in this glancing light. It does not warm. It kills as it tortures Tosca. He has the gentleness of absolute control of the situation, he has the mildness of the finished job. He is subtlety and resiliency itself. His mentality hurts so you almost wish he’d do something crude, obvious and humanly stupid.

As Armand he is the ingenuous lover : a little gauche as a boy might be— a little dumb and awkward as a youth hopelessly in love ever is. His first entrance is perfect. You realize absolutely he is coming into the presence of his divinity —the one who embodies his grande passion.
A.R.